هام جدا فرقة الثالثة بخصوص البايو

من طرف doctor fai الإثنين 18 مايو - 6:08

السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته

ازيكم يا جماعه

معقول كده يا جماعه يبقي منتدي الفرقة التالته كده ابيض علي ابوه يا بطيخ مفيش خالص اي حاجه

هو أي بإ جماع الخمس دفعات ان دفعتنا اللي هيا سنة تالته دفعة *** بلاش نقول انا بردوا منها

علي العموم يات جماعه انا حبيت اكتبكوا شويه حاجات تبع البايو الناس بتقول عليها مهمة اوي والدكتور مأكد عليها يا رب تعجبوكوا وتستفيدوا منها

Glycolysis & Krebs cycle

imp.points

أرقام الrex.
في الcycle
مهمة

يعنى مثلا مهم نعرف ان ال rex. رقم 6 هو oxidative phosphorylation

وال enzymes
مهمة جدا

Glycero-phosphate shuttle

Pasteur effect

Tandom enzymes

(Aldose (A) & (B مهم في T, F

Regulation of glycolysis

Types of isocitrate dehydrogenase enzyme

:Give reason

1-PFK1 is the pacemaker of glycolysis.

phospho fructokinase1 is the rate limiting enzyme of glycolysis

*allosterically stimulated by

AMP: signal for low energy

F-2,3BP:mediate the action of insulin and glucagon

allosterically inhibited by*

-ATP: signal for high energy

-Citrate: signal for krebs cycle occupation

2-Addition of Na Citrate or NaF or
Iodoacetate

on blood sample taken for glucose determenation.

Na Citrate: inhibit PFK1-

NaF: inhibit enolase-

Iodoacetate: block (OH)gp. of glyceraldhyde-3-P dehydrogenase-

3-Muscle cramps occur during intense
exercises.

due to accumulation of lactate in muscle

causing drop in intracellular PH

as in anaerobic condition

.pyruvate converted to lactate

4-Yeast cells consume glucose more slowly

under aerobic conditions than under anaerobic conditions.

due to in case of O2 availability

occur stimulation to ATP & Citrate

which are allosteric inhibitors toPK, PFK1

.cause accumulation of G-6-P which is allosteric
inhibitor to hexokinase

5- Glucose cant be formed from Acetyl COA.

as oxidative decarboxylation rex.is an irreversible rex.so prevent

.formation of pyruvate from Acetyl COA

6-Isocitrate dehydrogenase has adual action
in CAC.

as it catalyze rex. of Dehydrogenation of isocitrate to oxalosuccinate

& catalyze also rex. of Decarboxylation of
oxalosuccinate to keto glutarate.

___________________

Calculate ATP produced from:

Aerobic glucose oxidation

= ( ATP 38(malate shuttle

(or ATP36 ( glycero phosphate shuttle

2- Anaerobic glucose oxidation

= 2 ATP

3- Acetyl COA oxidation

= 12 ATP

4- Pyruvate oxidation

= 15 ATP

5- Lactate oxidation

=18 ATP

____________________

True or False:

Increase ATP utilization will inhibit aerobic phase of glucose. F

2-Inhibition of iso citrate dehydrogenase
will inturn inhibit glycolysis. T

3- There are four reducing cofactors to
molecules

per 1 mole Acetyl COA catalized. F

Write rex. Catalyzed by enzyme in glycolysis which catalyze

.“ oxidative phosphorylation rex